Bangladesh is currently experiencing a significant resurgence of Islamic extremism, marked by the re-emergence of banned Islamist groups, the release of convicted extremist leaders, and escalating political instability. These developments pose serious challenges to the nation’s secular framework and raise concerns about regional security.
Re-emergence of Banned Islamist Groups
In March 2025, the banned Islamist organization Hizb ut-Tahrir held a public rally in Dhaka, defying a prohibition in place since 2009. The “March for Khilafat” commenced at the Baitul Mukarram National Mosque, drawing thousands of supporters advocating for the establishment of an Islamic caliphate. Law enforcement attempted to disperse the crowd using tear gas and sound grenades, leading to violent clashes and highlighting the group’s renewed boldness.
Release of Extremist Leaders
Compounding concerns, the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus authorized the release of Jashimuddin Rahmani, the leader of the Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT), in August 2024. Rahmani had been convicted for abetting the murder of blogger Rajib Haider and was implicated in multiple terrorism-related cases. His release has sparked fears of a potential resurgence in extremist activities, given his prior influence and the ABT’s history of violence.
Political Instability and Its Implications
The political landscape in Bangladesh has been tumultuous since the ousting of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024. The interim government’s efforts to stabilize the nation have been marred by economic downturns, human rights concerns, and ongoing political unrest. This environment has created a vacuum that extremist groups are exploiting to advance their agendas.
A Deteriorating Human Rights Situation
Amid this rising tide of extremism, religious minorities—especially Hindus and Christians—are facing growing persecution. Tulsi Gabbard, a prominent Hindu-American political leader, recently condemned the situation. In a strongly worded statement covered by ThePrint, she accused the Bangladeshi authorities of turning a blind eye to “rampant persecution and killing of minorities.” Gabbard emphasized the need for international pressure to halt the spread of jihadist ideology and protect vulnerable communities.
International Concerns and Regional Security
The resurgence of Islamist groups in Bangladesh has raised alarms internationally. In March 2025, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with interim leader Muhammad Yunus, urging him to avoid divisive rhetoric and address the treatment of minority groups, particularly Hindus. These discussions underscore the broader regional implications of Bangladesh’s internal challenges.
The interim government of Bangladesh has demonstrably failed to curb the resurgence of Islamic extremism. The revival of banned groups, release of extremist leaders, inability to maintain law and order, and failure to safeguard minority rights collectively reflect a breakdown of authority and a retreat from secular democratic principles. This has emboldened radical groups, endangered regional stability, and invited international scrutiny.
To prevent further deterioration, urgent and decisive action is required—not just from within Bangladesh but through coordinated international pressure. Without a firm commitment to combating extremism and restoring democratic order, Bangladesh risks plunging into deeper unrest and long-term instability.
